We present an experimental study on the evaporation of drops on fibers. More specifically, we focus on the droplet lifetime both in quiescent air and in an air flow of constant velocity. We propose a model to describe the evaporation rate and lifetime in a purely diffusive regime, which includes the liquid cooling associated with evaporation and the thermal conductivity of the atmosphere and the fiber. Our model effectively captures the primary physical behaviors, demonstrating a semi-quantitative agreement with our measurements across various liquids and fiber materials. Finally, the model is generalized to a convective air flow, which also rationalizes our experimental data.

We report the experimental observation of a square crystalline phase in a vibrated binary mixture of spherical grains. This structure spontaneously forms from a disordered state, consistently with predictions obtained in an equilibrium system with similar geometrical properties under conservative dynamics. By varying the area fraction, we also observe stable coexistence between a granular fluid and an isolated square crystal. Using realistic simulations based on the discrete element method and an idealized collisional model integrated via event-driven molecular dynamics, we not only reproduce experimental results but also help to gain further insights into the non-equilibrium phase coexistence. Through the direct phase coexistence method, we demonstrate that the system shows behavior highly similar to an equilibrium first-order phase transition. However, the crystal remains at a higher granular temperature than the fluid, which is a striking non-equilibrium effect. Through qualitative argument and supported by kinetic theory, we elucidate the role of the coupling between local structure and energy transfer mechanisms in sustaining kinetic temperature gradients across the fluid-solid interface.

We present an experimental study on the freezing of alkane drops impacted on a liquid bath. More specifically, for drops of hexadecane and tetradecane on brine, we found a morphological transition of the solid between a flat disk and a cupped shape. We show that this transition depends mainly on melting temperatures and thermal shock, and varies weakly with impact velocity. We observed that the impact dynamics do not depend on the thermal shock before the drop starts to solidify, which allows a rationalization of the solid size by models established for impact without phase change. Finally, we show that the relevant timescale setting the onset of solidification is associated with the formation of a thin solid layer between the drop and the bath, a timescale much shorter than the total solidification time. These findings offer the possibility of collapsing the data for both liquids in a single-phase diagram.

La mesure de l’humidité de l’air a été un défi tout au long des siècles, mais, de nos jours, les capteurs électroniques sont largement utilisés. Cette prédominance actuelle tend à reléguer au second plan un instrument qui a captivé les scientifiques pendant près d’un siècle et demi : le psychromètre.